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| The Nobel Prize was established in 1901 at the bequest
of Alfred Nobel, the Swedish scientist who invented dynamite. Nobel willed
that the interest from his estate be used for awards in areas such as major
scientific discoveries and contributions to peace. There are six Nobel Prize
fields, three in natural sciences: "chemistry", "physics",
"physiology or medicine", and another three in "peace",
"literature" and "economics." Prizewinners are announced
in October each year and the prize award ceremony held in Stockholm on December
10th, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death. The prizewinners in each
field are determined by different committees; the Royal Swedish Academy
of Sciences selects the winners of chemistry, physics and economics, the
Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet (a medical university institute)
selects the physiology or medicine winners, the Swedish Academy selects
the literature winners, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee selects the peace
winners; the latter being the only prize to be given at a ceremony in Oslo.
Naturally, each selection committee also seeks the advice of noted universities
and experts from around the world, which truly means that these prizes are
stamped with the authoritative approval of experts across the globe. |
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