A toroidal diffraction grating is a sort of concave gratings. The toroidal shape is defined by two curvature radii at each central axis. Toroidal shapes where Rh is a horizontal curvature radius and Rv is a vertical curvature radius. The toroidal shapes are expressed in the following equation.
The paraxial focal positions of a toroidal grating in Fig.8 are defined by equations (17) and (18). Here r is the entrance length, r'h is the horizontal focal length, and r'v is the vertical focal length. α and β satisfy the grating equation (2)'.

Fig.8 The different focus of the Spherical diffraction grating
The spherical diffraction gratings are formed on spherical blanks( Rh=Rv ) that has two focal lengths(r'h, r'v ) has astigmatisms, The toroidal diffraction gratings are formed on toroidal (aspheric) blanks( Rh≠Rv ) that can correct astigmatisms.
- SHIMADZU DIFFRACTION GRATINGS
- 01. Introduction to Diffraction Gratings
- 02. What are Diffraction Gratings
- 03. The Grating Equations
- 04. Dispersion
- 05. Grating Resolution
- 06. Free Spectral Range
- 07. Blaze Wavelength
- 08. Diffraction Efficiency & Relationship between Diffraction Efficiency and Polarization
- 09. Anomalies
- 10. Profile of Grating Grooves
- 11. Toroidal Diffraction Gratings
- 12. Replicas
- 13. Coatings
- 14. Transmission Gratings
- 15. Choice of a Grating
- 16. Handling of Gratings