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User Benefits Application News Fifteen elements were selected, including elements frequently involved in poisoning cases. ICP standard solutions (1000 μg/mL) were diluted with ultrapure water to prepare standards with element concentrations of 0, 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 μg/mL. Then, 2.5 mL of each solution was placed in a sample cell with a 5 μm-thick polypropylene film attached to the bottom. Fig. 2 shows an image of the sample. Although it is best to match the matrix of the calibration standards to that of the test sample, this application news used aqueous solutions as calibration standards for simplicity. Preparation of Calibration Standards Inorganic elements such as potassium, calcium, and iron are essential substances for maintaining normal metabolism and vital activities in the human body. In contrast, heavy metals poisoning can result from accidents or criminal incidents, and the causative elements are diverse. Some of these elements are highly toxic, but because they often lack specific poisoning symptoms, early identification can be difficult. Therefore, rapid analytical methods are needed. Inorganic elements are generally analyzed by ICP-AES or ICP-MS. Although these techniques allow trace-level quantitation, they require chemical pretreatment such as dilution and deproteinization, and the samples are limited to liquids. In contrast, EDX-7200 enables simple, non-destructive analysis in a short time and has sufficient sensitivity for screening purpose. This application describes quantitative analysis results for 15 elements in blood using calibration curves, and qualitative and quantitative analysis results using the FP method based on sensitivity coefficients built into the instrument. The accuracy of the quantitative values obtained by the FP method was 84–103%, demonstrating sufficient quantitative performance. Analysis can be completed within 10 minutes per sample. Introduction Inorganic elements in blood can be quantified at the µg/mL level without any complicated sample pretreatment. Qual-quantitative analysis is possible using the FP (Fundamental Parameter) method, which does not require standards. Qual-quantitative results are obtained within 10 minutes per sample. Analysis of Inorganic Elements in Blood Using EDXRF Yu Kubota, Mahiro Yoshida Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer EDX-7200 Fig. 1 EDX-7200 Fig. 2 Sample Image Figs. 3 to 5 show the calibration curves. The integration time for the calibration standards was set to 120 s. In addition, overlap correction (Ij) for coexisting elements was applied for the quantitative elements listed in Table 1. For Ni and Sn, the 1 μg/mL calibration samples were excluded because sufficient sensitivity was not obtained with the integration time used in this study. Linearity of the Calibration Curves Table 1 Elements applied with the overlap correction Quantitative Elements Overlapping Elements Cr V Cu Ni As Pb Pb Se Fig. 3 Calibration Curves Part 1 Cu R : 0.99985 Acc. (σ) : 0.32 µg/mL V R : 0.99997 Acc. (σ) : 0.16 µg/mL Cr R : 0.99988 Acc. (σ) : 0.28 µg/mL Mn R : 0.99998 Acc. (σ) : 0.13 µg/mL Co R : 0.99999 Acc. (σ) : 0.083 µg/mL Ni R : 0.99991 Acc. (σ) : 0.28 µg/mL Intensity Ratio Conc. [µg/mL] Conc. [µg/mL] Intensity Ratio Intensity Ratio Intensity Ratio Conc. [µg/mL] Conc. [µg/mL] Intensity Ratio Intensity Ratio Conc. [µg/mL] Conc. [µg/mL]
Application News Fig. 4 Calibration Curves Part 2 Fig. 6 Sample Image Fig. 7 Qualitative Analysis Results of the Blood Blank Fig. 5 Calibration Curves Part 3 To evaluate quantitative accuracy, human whole blood purchased from BioIVT was used, and standards were added so that the concentration of each element in blood was 10 μg/mL. 0.25 mL of ICP standard solution (100 μg/mL) was added to 2.25 mL of blood. The mixture was thoroughly mixed using a vortex mixer, and then the entire 2.5 mL was poured into a sample cell with a 5 μm-thick polypropylene film attached to the bottom. Fig. 6 shows an image of the sample. For actual specimens, add 2.5 mL of blood sample to the sample cell. Sample pretreatment of Blood Fig. 7 shows the qualitative analysis results for the blood blank before standard addition. It was confirmed that the blood blank contained elements such as P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, and Rb. Fig. 8 shows overlaid profiles of the blood sample with each element added to 10 μg/mL and the blood blank. Table 2 shows the quantitative analysis results by the calibration curve method and the qualitative-quantitative analysis results by the FP method. Accuracy was 84 to 118% for the calibration curve method and 84 to 103% for the FP method, indicating that sufficient quantitative accuracy was obtained even with the FP method. Analysis Results Se Mo Sn Hg Cd R : 0.99999 Acc. (σ) : 0.087 µg/mL R : 0.99993 Acc. (σ) : 0.24 µg/mL R : 0.99991 Acc. (σ) : 0.25 µg/mL R : 0.99759 Acc. (σ) : 1.4 µg/mL R : 0.99987 Acc. (σ) : 0.31 µg/mL As R : 0.99999 Acc. (σ) : 0.096 µg/mL Zn R : 0.99976 Acc. (σ) : 0.49 µg/mL Pb R : 0.99979 Acc. (σ) : 0.36 µg/mL Tl R : 0.99999 Acc. (σ) : 0.087 µg/mL Intensity Ratio Conc. [µg/mL] Conc. [µg/mL] Conc. [µg/mL] Conc. [µg/mL] Conc. [µg/mL] Conc. [µg/mL] Conc. [µg/mL] Conc. [µg/mL] Conc. [µg/mL] Intensity Ratio Intensity Ratio Intensity Ratio Intensity Ratio Intensity Ratio Intensity Ratio Intensity Ratio Intensity Ratio P S Cl K Ca Br Rb Fe Zn Cu
Application News V Cr Mn Co Ni Cu Zn As Se Hg Pb Tl Sn Cd Mo Fig. 8 Overlaid Profiles (Calibration Curve Method, Blue: Each Element 10 µg/mL, Red: Blood Blank)
Application News www.shimadzu.com/an/ Shimadzu Corporation © Shimadzu Corporation, 2026 For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. This publication may contain references to products that are not available in your country. Please contact us to check the availability of these products in your country. The content of this publication shall not be reproduced, altered or sold for any commercial purpose without the written approval of Shimadzu. See https://www.shimadzu.com/about/trademarks/index.html for details. Third party trademarks and trade names may be used in this publication to refer to either the entities or their products/services, whether or not they are used with trademark symbol “TM” or “”. Shimadzu disclaims any proprietary interest in trademarks and trade names other than its own. The information contained herein is provided to you "as is" without warranty of any kind including without limitation warranties as to its accuracy or completeness. Shimadzu does not assume any responsibility or liability for any damage, whether direct or indirect, relating to the use of this publication. This publication is based upon the information available to Shimadzu on or before the date of publication, and subject to change without notice. First Edition: Aug. 2026 01-01195-EN Table 3 Analysis Conditions (Calibration Curve Method) Element V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Cd, Sn, Hg, Tl, Pb Analytical Line VKα , CrKα , MnKα , CoKα , NiKα , CuKα , ZnKα , AsKα , SeKα , MoKα , CdKα , SnKα , HgLα , TlLα , PbLβ1 Analysis Conditions Calibration Curve Method (Scattered X-ray Internal Standard Method) Detector SDD Detector X-ray Tube Rh Target Tube Voltage 30 kV (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni), 50 kV (Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Cd, Sn, Hg, Tl, Pb) Tube Current Auto [µA] Collimator 10 mmφ Primary Filter #5 (V), #3 (Cr, Mn, Co, Ni), #4 (Cu, Zn, As, Se, Hg, Tl, Pb), #1 (Mo, Cd, Sn) Atmosphere Air Integration Time 60 s × 4 ch (120 s × 4 ch for Calibration Curve Samples Only) Dead Time Max. 30 % Element Na-U Analytical Line Kα, Kβ, Lα, Lβ ・・・ Analysis Conditions Qual-Quantitative Analysis (Thin-Film FP Method *1 ) Detector SDD Detector X-ray Tube Rh Target Tube Voltage 15 kV (Na-S), (Cl-V), 50 kV (Cr-Co), (Ni-Nb, As, Pb), (Mo-Xe) Tube Current Auto [µA] Collimator 10 mmφ Primary Filter None (Na-S), #2 (Cl-V), #4 (Ni-Nb, As, Pb), #1 (Mo-Xe) Atmosphere Air Integration Time 60 s × 5 ch Dead Time Max. 30 % Table 4 Analysis Conditions (Qual-Quantitative Analysis) Table 2 Quantitative Analysis Results [µg/mL] Quant. 23V 24Cr 25Mn 27Co 28Ni Value 3σ Accuracy Value 3σ Accuracy Value 3σ Accuracy Value 3σ Accuracy Value 3σ Accuracy Calib. 8.8 2.1 88% 10.9 1.5 109% 9.1 1.1 91% 9.5 1.3 95% 9.6 1.0 96% FP *1 8.7 1.8 87% 9.7 1.8 97% 8.5 1.3 85% 10.0 1.3 100% 9.0 0.8 90% Quant. 29Cu *2 30Zn *3 33As 34Se 42Mo Value 3σ Accuracy Value 3σ Accuracy Value 3σ Accuracy Value 3σ Accuracy Value 3σ Accuracy Calib. 10.9 0.7 93% 14.3 0.6 84% 9.9 0.6 99% 10.2 0.3 102% 10.0 0.9 100% FP *1 11.3 0.5 97% 15.3 0.5 94% 9.4 0.3 94% 10.3 0.3 103% 9.0 0.7 90% Quant. 48Cd 50Sn 80Hg 81Tl 82Pb Value 3σ Accuracy Value 3σ Accuracy Value 3σ Accuracy Value 3σ Accuracy Value 3σ Accuracy Calib. 11.8 1.7 118% 9.5 2.9 95% 10.3 0.5 103% 9.9 0.5 99% 10.0 0.8 100% FP *1 9.8 1.7 98% 9.0 2.8 90% 9.6 0.4 96% 9.7 0.4 97% 8.4 0.6 84% *1 In the FP method, moisture and organic components that cannot be measured were treated as CH₂O balance (remainder) and quantified. *2 Considering that the blood sample before standard addition contained 1.6 µg/mL of Cu, the accuracy was calculated using the following equation. Accuracy %= Value [ppm]−1.6 10.0 ×100 *3 Considering that the blood sample before standard addition contained 5.9 µg/mL of Zn, the accuracy was calculated using the following equation. Accuracy %= Value [ppm]−5.9 10.0 ×100 Conclusion The analysis conditions for the calibration curve method are shown in Table 3, and those for the qual-quantitative analysis using the FP method are shown in Table 4. Analysis Conditions The FP method demonstrated high accuracy for quantitation without calibration curves. In addition, blood samples do not require complicated pretreatment such as deproteinization, and the analysis time is only about 10 minutes. *1 For a light-element matrix such as blood, the thin-film FP method was applied and the sample thickness was set, taking into account the greater analysis depth for heavy elements.
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